The ANSI Safety Standards Safety Standards for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus is ANSI/ASME B15.1-1984.Safety Standards Conveyors and Related Equipment is ANSI/ASME B20.1-1990. These safety standards instructions are for work on chains, sprockets, and other power transmission sources. Read Other ANSI safety standards Machine Safety Standards Series Dropped Object Prevention
Unloading of Diesel and Furnace oil tanker Unloading of flammable liquids like diesel, furnace oil, and petrol needs very careful. 1. Oil tanker should be parked at a level surface near the storage tank. And place the wheel chocker under the front wheel of the oil tanker. 2. A senior engineer or authorized person checks … Read more
Suddenly nervous weakness due to any incident that has a huge effect on the mind that causes go to unconsciousness. In this case, the patient goes to light drowsiness and or goes to the next stage which is complete unconsciousness. Even this can cause the death of the patient. Causes of Unconsciousness Symptoms First Aid … Read more
Treatment for electric shock. 1. Evaluate Potential Dangers A. Your first action. B. Safeguard yourself. Keep 25 meters from high voltage electricity until power is turned off by authorities. For low voltage, turn off mains power. Ensure power sources are ‘off’ before attending to the victim if the patient collapses due to an electric shock. … Read more
The company designs this policy according to workers’ and visitors’ safety. In case of an emergency, all workers and visitors can exit from the building safely and securely. An emergency exit map is very helpful in making an evacuation policy. So companies make a policy and educate the workers about this policy. Some policy points … Read more
Maintenance safety 1. Maintenance Work-Order and time fix: 2. Related Department Permission: 3. Lock-out and tag-out permit: 4. Switch off electrically: 5. Shutt off and lock out power sources: 6. Bericate the machine area: 7. Provide PPEs for worker: 8. Tools management: 8. a. Tools tray: 8. b. The right tool for the right job: … Read more
What is a fire emergency? When a combustion process or burning of combustible material appears suddenly and out of control this situation is called a fire emergency. Fire Facts Reaction: When the combustion process suddenly appears. It is not controlled with the first struggle with available fire-controlled materials like water, sand, and fire extinguishers. So … Read more
Water tanks need cleaning after a passage of time. Cleaning of water tanks is essential it prevents us from diseases.
Minimum once a year storage tanks should be cleaned and disinfected. Levels of sediment at certain times of the year, cleaning more often recommended.
TOOLS USE IN THIS OPERATION
WET/DRY VACUUM, SPUNCH, MOP, GLOVES, WATER DELIVERY AND PUMP OUT SUMP PUMP(OPTIONAL), GLASSES, PRESSURE WASHER(OPTIONAL).
Cleaningprocess ofwaterstoragetank
The best method to clean water tanks
☆ Firstly clear The Top of the tank for a clean workspace.
☆ Clear your tools. Clean all tools that will come into contact with the water inside the tank.
☣ (Do not enter the tank unless you are confined space entry trained, are certified to do so, and have all of the appropriate safety gear available)
Fill in the required level of water.
Shut off the valve to the distribution lines.
Wear required personal safety equipment.
Mix chlorine in water required ratio or mix a cleaning solution of 1 part bleach to 4 parts hot water in a clean bucket.
Drain as much water as possible. Drain the tank by using a sump pump. (If you are using a pressure washer with a reservoir ensure that you fill the reservoir with water before draining the tank. If you use a pressure washer without a reservoir do not drain your tank completely).
Once you have drained the tank as much as possible use the wet/dry vacuum to remove the remaining water on the bottom of the tank.
Remove the slime and dirt build-up on the sides and corners of the tank. Scrub the build-up on the bottom and use the wet/dry vacuum to remove the rinse water from the tank.
Then flow out the chlorine or bleach-mixed water.
Flow in plenty of raw water and clean the walls of the tank.
Drain the water from the tank.
Flow in the 2nd time of raw water.
Flow out and then 3rd time flow in raw water and flow out it.
Then flow in drinking water. Take a sample of water and test it in the laboratory for chlorine and PH. If chlorine in water or PH is more than 6. Flow out the water and then fill the drinking water. Continuously change the water until chlorine presence is 0 and the pH is at required. You can use many different types of chemicals and cleaners for cleaning tanks.
It depends on the type of material of the tank and the capacity of the tank.
What chemicals are used to clean water tanks?
You can use these chemicals for cleaning purposes in water tanks
Chlorine
Hydrogen peroxide
Bleach
Sodium hypochlorite
Amidosulfonic acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
Isopropanol
How do I clean my water tank from bacteria?
Use bleach for the interior cleaning of the tank and use a 1:1 ratio of bleach and water.
ERT (Emergency Response Team) This team is assigned and trained by the EHS department. The EHS department chooses the 3-worker from each department in each shift. One worker trained as a firefighter another as a floor warden and a third as the first aider. These workers are trained for emergencies at any time.
Example for understanding
Boarding / Finishing department
Shift (A) 1st Worker Fire Fighter, 2nd Worker First Aider, and third Worker Floor Warden and Duty time 06:00 to 14:00.
Shift (B) 1st Worker Fire Fighter,2nd Worker First Aider, and third Worker Floor Warden and Duty time 14:00 to 22:00.
Shift (C) 1st Worker Fire Fighter, 2nd Worker First Aider, and third Worker Floor Warden and Duty time 22:00 to 06:00.
This setting covers 24 hours of duty time
Responsability of ERT team during emergency
The goals of ERT (Emergency Response Team) are. They coordinate with workers and each other during the emergency to control the emergency and save lives. They inform the safety officer and evacuation coordinator about the situation. Also, they coordinate response efforts, delegate action tasks, and ensure a cohesive approach and goal-oriented efforts. For example, in a fire emergency, the firefighter would assess the situation and start the process to control the fire. The floor warden starts evacuation efforts and coordinates with needy and disabled people for a safe evacuation process. The first-aider coordinates with the firefighter and floor warden during fire fighting and the evacuation process. The companies train their ERT members at the base of the emergency management system.
ERT Members
According to the emergency, trained persons perform specific duties during an emergency, they are the members of ERT. Like first-aider, floor warden, and firefighter.
Firstly FIRST AIDER
He should know about the place of the first aid box in the department.
He ensured all the necessary items used during first aid were in the box.
He should know about first aid CPR’s complete procedure.
He should take first aid and CPR during an emergency.
He should wear gloves before giving first aid.
He should call the ambulance in a high emergency.
He should inform emergency, accident, and injury to the company medical officer and shift in charge.
He should always wear a green reflector jacket during work.
Secondly FIREFIGHTER
He should know about the place of fire extinguishers and hose reels in the department and floor.
He should know how the operate the fire extinguisher and operate it in an emergency.
According to the type of fire he can use a fire extinguisher.
In an emergency, he should press MCP and inform to the EHS department.
He should help the EHS department to operate the fire hydrant system in an emergency.
He should always wear a red reflector jacket during work.
Thirdly FLOOR WARDEN
He should know about ways, emergency ways, fire alarms,s and all items related to the EHS department.
Ezalz marking, normal exit, and emergency exit ensured clear no restriction.
He should know about the people who need help, He helps them in emergencies.
He should press the fire alarm and inform the EHS department about the emergency.
He should lead all people working in the department to the assembly point in case of emergency. And count all the people.
He should inform the emergency coordinator about missing during an emergency.
A closed space where one has to breathe with difficulty is called a confined space. The narrow space where the entrance and exit points are single is called a confined space like tanks, trenches, and underground central holes. Limited space is not only underground tanks or tranches, above storage tanks and narrow spaces are also in the confined space category. When you need to work in a confined space “A Comprehensive Guide to Working in Confined Spaces” is essential.
Criteria of confined space
Limited openings for entry and exit, according to workers.
The space is not intended for continuous human occupancy.
The space is large enough for you to enter and conduct work easily.
Types of confined space
Society
Tunnels
Underground Main Hols
Underground Water Tanks
Above Storage Tanks
Construction Site
Water storage Tanks
Basement
Elevator/Lifts ways
Subcellars
Culverts
Industries
Cable Trunchs
Underground Water & Chemical tanks
Underground HVAC Trunchs
Cold Storage
Boiler
Vessels
Chimny
Understanding the Risks of Working in Confined Spaces
“A Comprehensive Guide to Working in Confined Spaces” refers to Understanding the Risks of Working in Confined Spaces. and listing these risks and their remedies. Make a list that has types of risks, remedies, and applications, and name it “Risk Assessment Form”.
Configuration Risks
Biological Risks
Physical Risks
Atmospheric Risks
Gases and their proper ventilation
EHS and HSE-trained workers check Gases inside the confined space with the help of available modern apparatus.
Starting point
Middle point
Bottom point
Main Gases
Gas
Safe level
Oxygen (O2)
19.5%-23.5%
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
10ppm-15ppm
Methane (CH4)
Nitrogen (N2)
78.084%
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
0.035%
Argon (Ar)
0.934%
Combustible gases
Ventilation System
A confined space should be ventilated continuously for 24 hours with the help of a ventilation blower before starting work in the confined space.
Confined space Work Permit.
A work permit is essential to do the desired work. A work permit is permission from EHS, HSE, and the management department to do work. Work Permit issued after checking of gases in confined space to make work procedure safe.
Engineering management fills this section if maintenance is not completed. In case of any reason. The extension date, time, and reason should be mentioned on it.
Permit Completion:
The maintenance supervisor checks the maintenance and signs after the permit.
Important Note: Permit filling name is temporary not expected name. If any name matches the actual name I apologize.
Essential Equipment for Safe Operations in Confined Space
Try Port
Rope to Try port
SBA (Self Breathing Apparatus)
Full Body Harness
Air Blower
Breathing system and apparatus
Signs of Confined Space.
Work procedure step by step.
When starting to work in a confined space, the EHS team visits the location. Create a risk assessment form to find out risks and remedies for safe working. Provide appropriate PPEs for the risk. Bericate the area around the entrance hole. We can divide this procedure into three sections. 1. Before starting work. 2. During work. 3. End of work.
1. Before Starting Work
Management: First, inform all related departments about work in a confined space. Discuss the problem and why we need to work in this confined space.
Work Order: Get a work order designed by a confined space-related department. A work order is a checklist of work that needs to be done.
EHS Department: Make empty the confined space to work in. A trained EHS worker goes inside the confined space to check the gases and breathing difficulties in the confined space. Gases check procedure. Close all valves of lines to the confined space and lockout and tagout them. Switch off all electrical devices, like pumps, gauges, and levels, and lockout and tagout them.
Starting Point: Starting point is the entrance point in the confined space. Firstly, check the gas level at the starting point of the confined space.
Middle Point: The middle point is the middle of a confined space. Secondly, check gases level in the middle of the confined space.
Bottom Point: The bottom is the end point of a confined space. Then, check the gases at the end point of the confined space.
Work Permit: Get a work permit to perform the work in a confined space safely. Ensure the list of gases mentioned in the work permit is at a normal level. And confined space is suitable for work in the confined space.
Essential Equipment: Complete the essential equipment list and check the equipment’s condition before starting work. Ensure all types of equipment are in good condition and suitable for use.
2. During Work in a confined space
Wear Appropriate PPEs: When you enter a confined space, wear appropriate PPEs and check PPEs’ condition and proper functionality.
Safety Precautions: Bericate the entrance point area around 10 feet in a circle with bericate tape. Fix the trial port at the entrance point of the confined space. A rope role around try port’s wheel and the end of the rope is fixed with the full body harness of the entrant, who works in the confined space. The other end of the rope should be held by the Attendant, who stands at the entrance point of the confined space for the help of the entrant in case of an emergency.
The Entrant: A person who works in a confined space.
Attendants: A person who is stationed outside one or more confined spaces.
Duty of Attendant: The attendant monitors the authorized entrants and performs specific duties. His duties are assigned in a written permit-required confined space.
The attendant holds the rope that is linked with the full-body harness of the entrant.
He pulls the rope gently after every 10 minutes to take the signal from the entrant.
He should be ready to help entrants in case of an emergency.
3. After complete work
Work Satisfaction: Check the work quality and requirements done by the entrant. Some confined spaces work check after high pressure, liquid filling, and under workload.
No Abnormality: Monitor any abnormalities after compliance work. If found any abnormalities then immediately rework it.
Remove Safety: Remove lockout and tagout from valves and pumps. Open valves and switch on pumps. Check compliance work satisfaction. Remove bericate tape.
“A Comprehensive Guide to Working in Confined Spaces” gives proper guideline till complete the work and some safety points for checking after the work.
Emergency Response Planning and Rescue Procedures in Confined Spaces
A Confined Space Emergency Response plan is essential when deciding to work in a confined space. Some points as an emergency plan checklist:
